Is czechoslovakia slavic

Czech is also a synthetic language, which means that words are created by combining smaller units, while German is an analytic language, which means that words are typically made up of a root word and one or more suffixes or prefixes. Slavic languages are divided into two groups: Czech and Russian. Czech and Russian use different alphabets ...

In the 1890s, contacts between Czech and Slovak intellectuals intensified. The Czech leader Masaryk was a keen advocate of Czech-Slovak cooperation. Some of his students formed the Czechoslovak Union and in 1898 published the journal Hlas ("The Voice"). In Slovakia, young Slovak intellectuals began to challenge the old Slovak National Party.The Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak) are a subgroup within the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages. Most varieties of Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible, forming a dialect continuum (spanning the intermediate Moravian dialects) rather than being two clearly distinct languages; standardised forms of ... However, it is believed that West Slavic tribes settling in that area assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations. In the Czech language, Bohemia is called simply Čechy. This name should not be confused with Česko, which is the short name of the whole country, known as the Czech Republic or Czechia. In other words: Česko ...The country ceased to exist on December 31, 1992, and split into two new ones: Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The region is in Europe, surrounded by Austria, Germany, Poland, and Hungary. ... These lands were originally settled by Celtic, Germanic, and Slavic tribes. There were frequent religious upheavals, conquests, and population shifts ...Czech ()Czech is a Western Slavic language spoken mainly in Czechia (Česko), which is also known as the Czech Republic (Česká republika), and was formerly part of Czechoslovakia (Československo).In 2012 there were aout 10.5 million speakers of Czech in Czechia. There are Czech speakers in a number of other countries, including Slovakia …CZEC 10103 First-Year Czech I. This course introduces the Czech language to those students who would like to speak Czech or use the language for reading and ...Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible languages belonging to the West Slavic language group, which uses the Latin (Roman) rather than the Cyrillic alphabet. Among the other languages spoken by minorities in the …

What Are The Slavic Languages? Sources mostly agree that there are 20 living Slavic languages. In alphabetical order, they are Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Church Slavonic, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, Silesian, Slavomolisano, Slovak, Slovene, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian ...1907. 4,523. Bratislava. 1900. 123. 367,502. 1907. 1,904. As this first tidal wave of emigration began to lose momentum, and as the political program changed with the creation of Czechoslovakia, there was much hope that the new experiment of a federated republic would greatly improve conditions in the homeland of the Slovaks.CZEC 10103 First-Year Czech I. This course introduces the Czech language to those students who would like to speak Czech or use the language for reading and ...Slovak is a synonym of slovakian. As adjectives the difference between slovakian and slovak ... * Czechoslovakia * Czechoslovakian External links * slovak . English (wikipedia Slovak) Alternative forms * (abbreviation): Adjective (-) Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.Foreign philology (Slavic studies: languages, literature and culture of the Czech Republic and Austria). Slavic studies as a combination of courses of ...The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovak: [Prvá] Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a partially-recognized client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945 after abandoning Czechoslovakia to be annexed by Germany.The Slovak part of Czechoslovakia declared independence …

The UK-Czechoslovakia Double Taxation Convention entered into force on 20 December 1991. It continues to apply to the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. It is effective in the UK from:Czechoslovakia was founded in October 1918, as one of the successor states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I and as part of the Treaty of St. Germain. It consisted of the present day territories of Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia. The new country was a multi-ethnic state.About the Book. The Meaning Behind the Slav Epic, Twenty Paintings by Czech Artist Alphonse Mucha. Book Synopsis. To answer the question of what it means to ...The 13 countries considered to be official Slavic states include the Czech Republic, Bosnia, Serbia, Poland, Slovakia, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia and Montenegro. Slavic is actually an umbrella term encompassing many different ethnicities, cultures and languages.Robert Kulmiński, University of Warsaw, Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies, Faculty Member. Studies Cultural Anthropology, Czech & Slovak Studies, and Czech History. ... The example of Czechoslovakia in the 1950s provides one with a special opportunity to have a look at the ways the new medium was being presented to a …Illustration of slavic countries bulgaria, czech republic, poland, serbia, slovakia, ukraine flags icons set in polygonal style vector art, ...

Adaptibar vs uworld.

After the Velvet Revolution in late-1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official short-lived country name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (Czech: Česká a Slovenská Federativní Republika, Slovak: Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, after which the country was peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and the ...Czech is a West Slavic language spoken mainly in the Czech Republic, which is represented in writing using the Latin alphabet along with various diacritical marks. Czech may seem complex to those learning it as a foreign language; this complexity is mostly due to its morphology.1946 - Czechoslovak Communist Party ... 1990 - Country renamed Czech and Slovak Federative Republic. First free elections since 1946. 1991 - Soviet forces complete withdrawal.Sep 20, 2022 · Czech is also a synthetic language, which means that words are created by combining smaller units, while German is an analytic language, which means that words are typically made up of a root word and one or more suffixes or prefixes. Slavic languages are divided into two groups: Czech and Russian. Czech and Russian use different alphabets ... They are rooted in numerous East Slavic tribes, and many Russians today have some Norse, Finno-Ugric, Turkic, and other influences affecting their physical appearance. 1. Lighter Colored Hair. Generally, Russians have lighter colored hair, with 33% of the population having blonde hair, and another 50% having dirty blond or brown hair.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.

Social Democracy (Czech: Sociální demokracie, SOCDEM), known as the Czech Social Democratic Party (Czech: Česká strana sociálně demokratická, ČSSD) until 10 June 2023, is a social-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. Sitting on the centre-left of the political spectrum and holding pro-European views, it is a member of the Party of …Czechoslovakia (/ ˌ tʃ ɛ k oʊ s l oʊ ˈ v æ k i ə,-k ə-,-s l ə-,-ˈ v ɑː-/; Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and ...The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Early Middle Ages, which in turn is thought to have descended from the earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic language, linking the Slavic languages to the Baltic ...Czech is the official state language and as a literary language dates to the late 13th century. The majority of the population speaks Czech as their first language. Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible languages belonging to the West Slavic language group, which uses the Latin (Roman) rather than the Cyrillic alphabet. Among the other ... Russian is the most spoken Slavic language with 150 million native speakers and Czech is the 5th most spoken Slavic language with 11 million native speakers. In American universities, more students study Russian than Czech [1]. But more people visit Prague (the capital of the Czech Republic), than Moscow (the capital of Russia) [2] In terms of ... Czech is a Slavic language belonging to a group of West Slavic languages which include Polish, Slovak, Cassubian (northern Poland), Sorbian (Saxony and Brandenburg, Germany), and Polabian, now extinct. Slavic languages (with the Baltic languages–Latvian and Lithuanian) form a branch of the Indo-European language family.Czech is a gateway language. Czech is a Slavic language, related to Russian, and even closer to Polish and Slovak, which can be learned more easily after Czech.Czechoslovakia’s Velvet Revolution Started 30 Years Ago—But It Was Decades in the Making. On Nov. 17, 1989, student protesters filled the streets of Prague. It was eight days after the fall of ...In the sixth century, Slavic people entered what is now the Czech Republic. According to legend, a man called Cech led them. However, for centuries, they were only a collection of tribes not a single, united people. ... Czechoslovakia remained a Stalinist society. n However in the 1960s a slight ‘thaw’ happened. Censorship was relaxed and ...Czech has more German influence, mainly when it comes to syllable stress. Czech stressed the first syllable by default, Slovak (and most other Slavic languages AFAIK) place emphasis the second-to-last syllable. Czech also borrows vocab from German though Slovak may do that as well (notably, it seems to come more from Austria than Germany).

Mar 15, 2018 · She was born in Sevnica, a Slovenian town (the president's ex-wife, Ivana, was born in Czechoslovakia, ... both countries use the same colours as Russia and many other Slavic nations, due to their ...

Slavic people (Slavs) can be divided into three subgroups based upon their geographic and linguistic distribution: West Slavs (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia), East Slavs (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine), and South Slavs (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia.May 16, 2021 · Czech archaeologists say marks found on a cattle bone are sixth-century Germanic runes, in a Slavic settlement. The find has provoked an academic and nationalist brawl. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Czech and Slovak written standards have been deemed the official languages of the Czech and Slovak Republics, …Yes, the Czech Republic is a Slavic country. This is because Czech is a Slavic language. Czech is closely related to Slovak. It is written using the Latin ...The Czech language () is a Slavic language native to the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It belongs to the East Slavic group of languages within the Indo-European family. The Czech language has been spoken in Bohemia since at least the 10th century. In the 13th century, the Kingdom of Bohemia became part of the Holy Roman Empire.Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, two countries that emerged out of World War I and World War II and which had strong ties to the U.S.S.R., dissolved alongside it. Czechoslovakia became the Czech Republic and Slovakia , and Yugoslavia broke apart to form Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Montenegro , Macedonia, Slovenia , Serbia , and Kosovo ...Department of Slavic Languages & Literatures. 12 Quincy Street, Barker Center ... Czechoslovakia. Today, about ten million people speak Czech as their first ...Czech language, formerly Bohemian, Czech Čeština, West Slavic language closely related to Slovak, Polish, and the Sorbian languages of eastern Germany.It is spoken in the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and southwestern Silesia in the Czech Republic, where it is the official language.Czech is written in the Roman alphabet.The oldest records in the language are Czech glosses appearing ...It had 2 twins, Czechball and Slovakiaball. Czechiaball takings after Czechoslovakiaball, violating the rule NOT to use Czechoslovak flag, while Slovakiaball looks like a mutated version of Russiaball, but with an eye patch. The split in 1993 is often called the most peaceful split in history and Czechiaball and Slovakiaball are friends to this ...

Life storage on abercorn.

1991 mcdonald's all american roster.

The FamilySearch moderator for Czech Republic is Pysnaks. Czechia. History. Slavic peoples settled, in several waves of migration, into the region of Bohemia and Moravia in the sixth century. One Slavic chieftain, Mojmír, succeeded in building a consolidated domain in eastern Moravia and along the Slovak Danube in the 830s.Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeastern Europe, though there is a large Slavic minority scattered across the Baltics, Northern Asia, and Central Asia. Oct 3, 2023 · conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czechia local long form: Ceska republika local short form: Cesko etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the country officially adopted the English short-form name of Czechia on 1 July 2016 Mar 24, 2021 · Today, it is the largest, westernmost region of the Czech Republic, and is home to almost 6.5 million Czech citizens, out of a total of 10.5 million. But its past is much more diverse. Bohemia is most likely named after the Boii, a powerful and prominent Celtic Gallic tribe that was well known to the Romans and other ancient civilizations ... Czech language, formerly Bohemian, Czech Čeština, West Slavic language closely related to Slovak, Polish, and the Sorbian languages of eastern Germany. It is spoken in the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and southwestern Silesia in the Czech Republic, where it is the official language. Geography Now!Czechoslovakia’s Velvet Revolution Started 30 Years Ago—But It Was Decades in the Making. On Nov. 17, 1989, student protesters filled the streets of Prague. It was eight days after the fall of ...Ok, let me get into explaining a bit about the Slavic features of Czech. What's Slavic About Czech Grammar? Something that's common for most Slavic languages is the case-system (with the exception of Macedonian and to a lesser extent other South-Slavic languages). Czech has seven cases which is a system of showing the "role" of a noun in a ... Department of Slavic Languages & Literatures. 12 Quincy Street, Barker Center ... Czechoslovakia. Today, about ten million people speak Czech as their first ...Slovak is a synonym of slovakian. As adjectives the difference between slovakian and slovak ... * Czechoslovakia * Czechoslovakian External links * slovak . English (wikipedia Slovak) Alternative forms * (abbreviation): Adjective (-) Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.3.0k views. I just wanted to make sure that others with recent Slovak ancestors are aware that some of Slovakia's (Czechoslovakia's) 1930 Census is now available freely online in image form on Slovakiana.sk, which hosts various cultural collections. They've estimated that the 1930 Census collection will be complete in Q1 2022.Czech–Slovak within West Slavic. The Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak) are a subgroup within the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages . Most varieties of Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible, forming a dialect continuum (spanning the intermediate Moravian dialects) rather than being two clearly ... ….

Slovakia has, nevertheless, remained a close partner with the Czech Republic. Both countries co-operate with Hungary and Poland in the Visegrád Group . Slovakia became a member of NATO on 29 March 2004 and of the European Union on 1 May 2004. 21 December 2007 saw Slovakia joined the Schengen area allowing visa free travel.Robert Kulmiński, University of Warsaw, Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies, Faculty Member. Studies Cultural Anthropology, Czech & Slovak Studies, and Czech History. ... The example of Czechoslovakia in the 1950s provides one with a special opportunity to have a look at the ways the new medium was being presented to a …DNAwise Czechs and Bavarians are identical. It is said that we are both mix of 30% slavic, 30% germanic and 30% celtic ancestery. Former East Germany is basicly germanized western slavic land. If there wasn't a major movement in the 19th century to resurect Czech language no one would remember we've had anything to do with Slavs. The Slovak Republic declared its independence from Czechoslovakia and became Germany's client state, while two days later the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed. During the World War II – given the high level of industrialization of pre-war Czechoslovakia – the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia served as a major …Among these languages, Stockholm University offers programmes in Russian, Polish and Czech. There is also a large selection of independent courses about Poland, ...Most are assumed to be basically Czech-Slavic, but officially this large category is a broad 'unspecified/other'. Most demographers claim that between 85% and 95% of people in the Czech Republic ...The Slovakian Traffic Cone (or STC) is a sexual activity involving a large, preferably yellow, traffic cone. The cone doesn’t have to be Slovakian in origin, but it is highly recommended. Their are two people needed, a “giver” and a “mixer.” The steps to perform this act are as follows: 1. The “mixer” lays face down on a bed/the floor and puts …In the 19th century, there were only three free Slavic States in the world; Montenegro, Russia, and Serbia. Slavs are the ethnic majority in most of the Central and Eastern Europe Slavic countries. They make up the citizenship of those countries. Currently, there are over 360 million Slavs worldwide. Russia has the highest number of Slavs, 130 ...The Slovakian Traffic Cone (or STC) is a sexual activity involving a large, preferably yellow, traffic cone. The cone doesn’t have to be Slovakian in origin, but it is highly recommended. Their are two people needed, a “giver” and a “mixer.” The steps to perform this act are as follows: 1. The “mixer” lays face down on a bed/the floor and puts … Is czechoslovakia slavic, This book is author's self-educational journey about Slavic history through the Czech artist Alphonse Mucha's beautiful paintings called The Slav Epic. 130 ..., Czech Texans are residents of the state of Texas who are of Czech ancestry. Large scale Czech immigration to Texas began after the Revolutions of 1848 changed the political climate in Central Europe, and after a brief interruption during the U.S. Civil War, continued until the First World War. Concentrated in Central Texas, Czech Texans have preserved …, Jul 13, 2023 · Czech and Slovak are both West Slavic languages spoken in Central Europe, but they differ in terms of their usage and geographical distribution. Czech is the official language of the Czech Republic, while Slovak is the official language of Slovakia. , In Poland and Czechoslovakia, newspapers, ... Around 1,165,000 German citizens of Slavic descent were "verified" as "autochthonous" Poles. Of these, most were not expelled; but many chose to migrate to Germany between 1951–82, including most of the Masurians of East Prussia. Polish boundary post at the Oder–Neisse line in 1945 ..., Firstly, of the Czech government betraying the country that had liberated Czechoslovakia at the end of World War II; secondly, because the whole case was interpreted by the journal only as an attempt to destabilise Slavic togetherness, of the Czech government as puppets or hostages of NATO, the American administration, and of all who hate Slavs ..., 14 Mei 2021 ... Hello guys, welcome to our next video of Slavic one on one between Czech & Croatian speakers. We would love to create a lot more of these to ..., Europe. Right in the heart of Europe, Slovakia is a land of castles and mountains, occasionally punctuated by industrial sprawl. More than a quarter-century after Czechoslovakia's break-up, Slovakia has emerged as a self-assured, independent nation. Capital city Bratislava draws visitors to its resplendent old town and tankard-clanking …, The Czech Republic, [c] [12] also known as Czechia, [d] [13] is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, [14] it is bordered by Austria to the …, Czech is the official state language and as a literary language dates to the late 13th century. The majority of the population speaks Czech as their first language. Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible languages belonging to the West Slavic language group, which uses the Latin (Roman) rather than the Cyrillic alphabet. Among the other ... , Flag of Czechoslovakia (1920) Flag of Czechoslovakia (1921–1993) Banner of Margraviate of Moravia. Flag of Margraviate of Moravia (Tricolour) Flag of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Flag of the Slovak Republic, National Flag of Slovaks (since 1848) and flag of the autonomous country Slovakia (1938-1939), 9 Mar 2000 ... In Czech and other Slavic languages, the suffix "ova" is added to the last names of all females. It's an ending long-ingrained in the ..., What Are The Slavic Languages? Sources mostly agree that there are 20 living Slavic languages. In alphabetical order, they are Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Church Slavonic, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, Silesian, Slavomolisano, Slovak, Slovene, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian ..., The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, West Slavic language which belongs to the family of Indo-European languages. It is more or less ..., 12/31/2022. In January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully separated into two independent states. While the Czech Republic and Slovakia remain close allies, there has been tension in recent months ..., Czech - Slovak Immigration. The first large group of Czech immigrants began arriving in 1735 with the coming of a group of Moravian Brethren in Savannah, Georgia. The first major immigration wave occurred in 1848 when the Bohemian "Forty Eighters" fled to the United States to escape political persecution by the Habsburgs., The Czech Republic remains largely free of terrorist incidents. However, like other countries in the Schengen Zone, the Czech Republic’s open borders with its neighbors allow for the possibility of terrorist groups entering/exiting the country undetected. Civil disorder is rare in the Czech Republic, although strikes and demonstrations may occur. , 3.0k views. I just wanted to make sure that others with recent Slovak ancestors are aware that some of Slovakia's (Czechoslovakia's) 1930 Census is now available freely online in image form on Slovakiana.sk, which hosts various cultural collections. They've estimated that the 1930 Census collection will be complete in Q1 2022., The Czech ethnonym (archaic Čechové) was the name of a Slavic tribe in central Bohemia that subdued the surrounding tribes in the late 9th century and created the Czech/Bohemian state. The origin of the name of the …, The Czech ethnic group is part of the West Slavic subgroup of the larger Slavic ethno-linguistical group. The West Slavs have their origin in early Slavic ..., In late February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia through a coup d'état. It marked the onset of four decades of the party's rule in the country. [a] The KSČ enjoyed a period of popularity following the reestablishment of pre-war ..., The Czech language is a Slavic language spoken by people in the Czech Republic. Ten million people speak it. Ten million people speak it. It is very similar to the Slovak language ; the differences between these two languages are small enough that speakers of Czech and Slovak usually understand each other., A pan-Slavic language is a zonal auxiliary language for communication among the Slavic peoples. ... and Pan-Slavists had to satisfy themselves with the formation of two multinational Slavic states, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. However, ..., The dissolution of Czechoslovakia ( Czech: Rozdělení Československa, Slovak: Rozdelenie Československa ), which took effect on December 31, 1992, was the self-determined split of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both mirrored the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak ..., Slovakia (/ s l oʊ ˈ v æ k i ə,-ˈ v ɑː k-/ ⓘ; Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋenskɔ] ⓘ), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika [ˈslɔʋenskaː ˈrepublika] ⓘ), is a …, Czechoslovakia’s Velvet Revolution Started 30 Years Ago—But It Was Decades in the Making. On Nov. 17, 1989, student protesters filled the streets of Prague. It was eight days after the fall of ..., Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in central Europe whose land encompasses Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia. Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918 after gaining freedom and independence from the collapsing empire of Austria-Hungary. Advertisement According to reports, during the interwar periods, Czechoslovakia …, Russian is the most spoken Slavic language with 150 million native speakers and Czech is the 5th most spoken Slavic language with 11 million native speakers. In American universities, more students study Russian than Czech [1]. But more people visit Prague (the capital of the Czech Republic), than Moscow (the capital of Russia) [2] In terms of ..., Dec 21, 2019 · The Czech ethnic group is part of the West Slavic subgroup of the larger Slavic ethno-linguistical group. The West Slavs have their origin in early Slavic tribes which settled in Central Europe after East Germanic tribes had left this area during the migration period. , Rod. Reportedly, one of the greatest symbols of Slavic nationality was the symbol of the deity Rod who was considered a patron of all the Slavic people. It was believed that Rod could be personified through all living beings as he presented fate and destiny. The symbol of Rod is identical to the swastika symbol with four points and …, Members of the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library receive admission to our exhibits, subscriptions to our biannual journal (Slovo) and our bi-annual newsletter (MOST), enrollment in our Time Travelers Program (including benefits at 100+ museums), and access to members-only events., Most are assumed to be basically Czech-Slavic, but officially this large category is a broad 'unspecified/other'. Most demographers claim that between 85% and 95% of people in the Czech Republic ..., The teaching of Czech language, literature, and culture at UW-Madison is supported in part by donations to the Czech Fund. For more information about supporting Czech, and the Czech Language and Culture program please contact Professor David Danaher. Czech is the language spoken in the Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia: Czech and Slovak ..., Czech is the official state language and as a literary language dates to the late 13th century. The majority of the population speaks Czech as their first language. Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible languages belonging to the West Slavic language group, which uses the Latin (Roman) rather than the Cyrillic alphabet. Among the other ...