Certainly one for the meat lovers out there and if you love crackling, then YOU LOVE crackling. The technique for getting the perfect crackling can divide a ...Preheat the air fryer at 370F for 5 minutes. Mix the olive oil, garlic salt, ground pepper, and herbs de Provence in a small bowl. With paper towels pat the turkey thighs dry on both sides to remove extra moisture. This is one of the keys to getting that extra crispy turkey skin.Instructions. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Debone the turkey wings using a sharp deboning knife and a pair of very sharp kitchen sheers. Brush each turkey wing top and bottom with extra virgin olive oil. Season the turkey wings with sea salt, cracked black peppercorns, and Old Bay seasoning.I LOVE butter so this was right up my alley. However, I am cooking a fresh turkey this year, 9.23 lbs, and I hear fresh cooks much quickly. I usually do the high heat first then lower it, but have seen 325° low and slow also mentioned, everywhere.Instructions. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Debone the turkey wings using a sharp deboning knife and a pair of very sharp kitchen sheers. Brush each turkey wing top and bottom with extra virgin olive oil. Season the turkey wings with sea salt, cracked black peppercorns, and Old Bay seasoning.Nov 24, 2013 · When you’re ready to roast, cook the turkey at 425 degrees for the first 30 minutes. Rotate the pan and baste it, then decrease the heat to 350 degrees for the remainder of the cooking time ... Using fingers or handle of wooden spoon, carefully separate skin from thighs and breast. Rub 4 teaspoons salt evenly inside cavity of turkey, 1 tablespoon salt under skin of each breast, and 1 teaspoon salt …Place the basket in the Oil-Less Deep Fryer. Turn on the cooker to medium-high cooking and cook for about 10 minutes per pound (14lbs.= approx. 140 minutes or 2 hrs 20 minutes). (Cover with the wire mesh lid during the last 15 minutes for the crispiest skin, it reflects heat back intowards the turkey.If you are cooking the turkey thighs from frozen, start by patting the turkey thighs dry with a paper towel. Next, rub the mixed seasonings all over the skin and place the thighs in the air fryer basket. Set the air fryer to 390° F and immediately add the turkey. Do not preheat. Then, cook for 35-50 minutes.How to Get Crispy Turkey Skin Brush your turkey with a high-heat oil or clarified butter before putting in the oven, and the skin will brown. Butterball says turkey skin is like a...The skin can turn out almost like chips of turkey skin. Remove the skin before sous viding it, then before serving you will use the oven to crisp it up. Place it flat, in a single layer, on parchment paper on a baking sheet with raised edges. Then add another layer of parchment paper and second baking sheet on top.Then serve the crispy skin chips with the turkey. Reply chasonreddit ... You don't want to overcook the breast meat just to get crispy skin. As a baseline, try pulling from the smoker when the breast is 140F. Use as hot an oven as you can, and get it up on a rack so that air can circulate. A convection oven is perfect. Pull when skin is the color/texture you want …Q: How do I make crispy turkey skin in a roaster? A: To make crispy turkey skin in a roaster, follow these steps: 1. Preheat your oven to 350 degrees …Nov 11, 2020 · Completely dry the whole turkey with a paper towel. Next use some form of fat to slather the skin and infuse flavor (and bonus — extra moisture!). This can be in the form of an infused butter (herb and garlic, smoked salt and pepper, or something spiced like Old Bay), mayonnaise or sour cream. Aim for a layer about 1/4 inch thick oven the ... For crisper skin, unwrap the turkey the day before roasting and leave it uncovered in the refrigerator overnight. Need help tackling the big bird? Continue reading Food Network's Top 10 Turkey Tips . Simply arrange the skin where it is torn, so it lines up again. The best place to stick them is near the legs, although toothpicks can also be placed in the breast area. The ideal distance between ...Cover. Roast at highest setting for 30 minutes. The butter/oil, seasonings and the searing time will make the skin beautifully browned and perfect! After 30 minutes, turn the oven temperature down to 325. The turkey will self-baste if you do not lift the lid, so you don't have to baste it every 20 minutes like you do in your conventional oven. Poultry skin needs to be relatively dry to brown and crisp properly. But it’s going to get super moist in the pressure cooker, so it’s going to be really hard to crisp it afterwards. If you fried it before the pressure cooker it’ll get some color and flavor, but will still end up wet and saggy at the end from the moisture.Nov 17, 2023 · Tip No. 2: Make sure your turkey is completely thawed. Allow about three days to thaw that bird out in the refrigerator. It takes a lot longer than you think. You want to make sure the bird is ... Oct 10, 2023 · Sprinkle turkey skin all over with 4 teaspoons chopped thyme, 1 tablespoon minced garlic, and 2 teaspoons lemon zest. Refrigerate, uncovered, at least 12 hours or up to 36 hours. Simply arrange the skin where it is torn, so it lines up again. The best place to stick them is near the legs, although toothpicks can also be placed in the breast area. The ideal distance between ...Preheat oven to 400°F. Dry off the turkey. I like to let it sit in the refrigerator for the final 12 hours uncovered. This allows the skin to dry and it will get crispier in the oven. Place turkey, breast side up, in a roasting pan fitted with a roasting rack or a rimmed baking sheet fitted with a wire rack.If it is still warm, the skin will not brown properly. Once the turkey is cooled down, preheat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Place the turkey on a baking sheet and brush it with oil. Sprinkle it with salt, pepper, and herbs of your choice. Bake the turkey for about 15 minutes, or until it is golden brown.The general rule is to dry-brine your turkey uncovered, in the refrigerator, for an hour for each pound of the turkey's weight. The salt rub in a dry brine draws moisture out of the turkey's protein cells through the process of osmosis. Those extracted juices dissolve some of the seasoning of your rub. Then, to reattain equilibrium, the cells ...Roast the turkey in the hot oven for 25-30 minutes. Take the tray out of the oven, and baste the bird with the pan juices. Tent the breast with foil, oil side down to keep it moist. Lower the setting to 350 degrees F and cook for about 2 - 2 1⁄2 hours (calculating 13-15 minutes per pound), basting occasionally.Nov 15, 2013 · Prepare the heat source. Prepare your smoker, gas grill, or charcoal grill for low heat with smoke. Smoke the turkey. Cook the turkey until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C), replenishing coal, pellets, or wood chips as needed. Rest and carve the bird. Let it rest for 30 minutes before carving the turkey. Smoke your turkey at higher temperatures between 275-325F. Use a salty rub, or add baking powder to the mix to really dry out and crispen that skin up. Consider spatchcocking your turkey. Maximizing that surface area helps for crispier skin without sacrificing flavor or tenderness.Position a rack in the bottom third of the oven and heat to 450°F. Stuff the turkey with the carrot, celery, onion, lemon, bay leaf, and any leftover garlic and herbs. Lightly tie the legs, tuck the wings behind the back, and set the turkey breast side up on a rack in a roasting pan.Jun 24, 2022 · Pre-heat smoker to 225°F. Remove giblets from inside of turkey and rinse bird with fresh water. Brine chicken for 4-24 hours in a wet brine or simply rinse with fresh water. Add brine ingredients in a large pot and bring to a boil to dissolve salt & sugar. Here are a few tips for getting crispy turkey skin: 1. Start with a fresh turkey. The fresher the turkey, the better the skin will be. If you can, buy a turkey that has... 2. …Nov 3, 2021 · Instructions. Remove the giblets and neck from the turkey cavity and pat it dry. Remove the rack from the roaster oven. Place turkey in the roaster, breast side up. Rub the turkey with the butter and season with salt and pepper. Cover the roaster and cook at 400 degrees for 30 minutes. In fact, I use it literally every single time I cook skin-on chicken, turkey, duck, or goose. That trick is a sprinkling of baking powder, and it'll get you the crispiest, crackliest bites of fatty, salty skin …If you are cooking the turkey thighs from frozen, start by patting the turkey thighs dry with a paper towel. Next, rub the mixed seasonings all over the skin and place the thighs in the air fryer basket. Set the air fryer to 390° F and immediately add the turkey. Do not preheat. Then, cook for 35-50 minutes.Oct 24, 2023 · Transfer them to a large bowl. Drizzle the turkey wings with olive oil and sprinkle them with onion powder, garlic powder, paprika, thyme, parsley, cayenne pepper (if using), Kosher salt, and pepper. Toss to combine. Cover the seasoned wings with stretch film and let them marinate for at least 30 minutes in the fridge. Once the bag is drained, slit the top of the bag with a knife or kitchen scissors, carefully removing the bag from around the turkey. Discard bag and veggies. Place turkey back into the oven for an additional 15 minutes. Remove turkey from oven and allow to rest for at least 30 minutes before carving." princessunicorn28.Add the soft butter and the sage to a small bowl and combine. Then wrap with plastic wrap and store in the refrigerator. making-sage-butter-for-under-breast-skin-juicy-turkey. Tip 1: I make this the day before for the fresh sage flavor to infuse into the butter. By Kerry Gold Soft butter for this process.Preheat the oven to 350°F. Pat cavity of bird dry if necessary. In a small bowl, combine chopped rosemary, oil, salt and pepper and make a paste. Rub about 1/3 of paste underneath the skin onto breast and thigh meat. …Place the dry brined turkey in the refrigerator, uncovered, for at least 3 hours, ideally overnight (12 hours). The salt will draw out moisture through osmosis, drying the skin of the bird and ensuring that, when smoked, you get that crispy turkey skin everyone desires. Key Tip For Crispy Skin – The turkey needs to be dry and the dry brining ...For most holiday meals, the turkey is the star of the show. Every home cook hosting such a meal envisions serving up a turkey that looks like it belongs in a food magazine spread — moist on the inside with skin that's perfectly golden brown and slightly crisp on the outside. After all, you eat with your eyes first — even if you've made a …Nov 10, 2020 · Pop the whole thing in 375-degree oven for 30-45 minutes. Once it’s a deep, sultry, golden brown, remove it from the oven and let it dry on a cooling rack where it will crisp up further. Serve ... Certainly one for the meat lovers out there and if you love crackling, then YOU LOVE crackling. The technique for getting the perfect crackling can divide a ...Position a rack in the bottom third of the oven and heat to 450°F. Stuff the turkey with the carrot, celery, onion, lemon, bay leaf, and any leftover garlic and herbs. Lightly tie the legs, tuck the wings behind the back, and set the turkey breast side up on a rack in a roasting pan.Enjoy! Tips for Making a Crispy Turkey Skin Here are a few tips for making a crispy turkey skin: * Use a fresh turkey. A fresh turkey will have a better chance of …That skin deserves the glory of crispness, and you can help it get there. The plan? Wait until your family is asleep, remove any sad, flabby, leftover skin from the turkey, then fry it into a crisp.Nov 8, 2023 · Wet brining in cold water adds moisture and flavor using the process of osmosis. During the long cooking times in a smoker, the wet brine gives you a level up to keep the moisture in the turkey as ... Dec 1, 2015 · Preheat the oven to 375° and line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Spread the turkey skin on the parchment and cover with another sheet of parchment and another baking sheet. Set a heavy ... Put remaining ingredients in bottom of Instant Pot, place trivet with turkey on top. Cook on manual for 48 minutes (6 minutes per pound of turkey). NPR for 10 minutes. Carefully remove from Instant Pot. For crispy skin place turkey on baking sheet and baste skin with oil or drippings from Instant Pot. Broil until golden, about five minutes.Preheat your air fryer to 350F. Place turkey breast in the air fryer skin side down and air fry for 20 minutes. Turn it over and air fry for another 30-45 minutes or until an instant read thermometer registers 165F. Let it rest for 15-30 minutes before carving.Apply the herb butter between the skin and the meat and all over the skin too. Place in the roasting pan, and roast the turkey legs unconvered in the preheated oven for 20 minutes. Then cover with foil and continue roasting for 50-60 more minutes. The turkey legs are done when the internal temp reaches 170°F/77°C.Leave the skin on the turkey breast. The turkey skin helps keep the meat super tender and moist, while also adding tons of flavor! Broil the meat briefly to crisp up the skin. Yet another reason to leave the skin on the turkey breast! You can briefly (about 5 minutes) broil the turkey breast in your oven to crisp up and brown the skin.This turkey wing recipe is super simple to make. Just 3 easy steps! STEP 1: Dry off the turkey wings. Use paper towels to pat the wings dry and place in a large bowl. STEP 2: Toss wings in baking powder and salt. Combine the baking powder and salt in a small bowl. Sprinkle over the wings and toss to evenly coat.Then serve the crispy skin chips with the turkey. Reply chasonreddit ... You don't want to overcook the breast meat just to get crispy skin. As a baseline, try pulling from the smoker when the breast is 140F. Use as hot an oven as you can, and get it up on a rack so that air can circulate. A convection oven is perfect. Pull when skin is the color/texture you want …Instructions. Preheat oven to 425 degrees F. Prepare your roaster pan. In a small bowl or measuring cup, mix oil, paprika, herb mix, salt and pepper. Wash the turkey breast, remove gravy pocket. Wash …Simply arrange the skin where it is torn, so it lines up again. The best place to stick them is near the legs, although toothpicks can also be placed in the breast area. The ideal distance between ...The Winning Method I’ve been wrist deep in the business end of chickens all week. I’m on a quest to determine the best way to achieve perfect deep, golden, crispy …Remove turkey from salt water and rinse well under cool running water. Pat dry inside and out with paper towels. Place turkey breast-side up on flat wire rack set over rimmed baking sheet or roasting pan and refrigerate, uncovered, 8 to 24 hours. 3. Adjust oven rack to lowest position and heat oven to 400 degrees.First, use paper towels to dry the skin. Once the skin seems mostly dry, continue to the next step. This is a good time to season the turkey if you wish. Many people simply use kosher salt. Others may use ground black pepper or a few cloves of garlic. You can edit the salt mixture to your taste preferences.This turkey wing recipe is super simple to make. Just 3 easy steps! STEP 1: Dry off the turkey wings. Use paper towels to pat the wings dry and place in a large bowl. STEP 2: Toss wings in baking powder and salt. Combine the baking powder and salt in a small bowl. Sprinkle over the wings and toss to evenly coat.If you are cooking the turkey thighs from frozen, start by patting the turkey thighs dry with a paper towel. Next, rub the mixed seasonings all over the skin and place the thighs in the air fryer basket. Set the air fryer to 390° F and immediately add the turkey. Do not preheat. Then, cook for 35-50 minutes.Sdebrango cranks the oven up to 450° F for the last 30 minutes to help the turkey brown. To avoid a blackened top and pale crevices, francesca and pierino suggest trussing the wings close to the body and basting the bird frequently. Don't worry too much if your bird's skin gets a little over-cooked and you end up with crispy wing tips -- be ...The general rule is to dry-brine your turkey uncovered, in the refrigerator, for an hour for each pound of the turkey's weight. The salt rub in a dry brine draws moisture out of the turkey's protein cells through the process of osmosis. Those extracted juices dissolve some of the seasoning of your rub. Then, to reattain equilibrium, the cells ...That skin deserves the glory of crispness, and you can help it get there. The plan? Wait until your family is asleep, remove any sad, flabby, leftover skin from the turkey, then fry it into a crisp.Make the turkey thighs. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Put a cast iron skillet on the stove over medium-high heat, add a bit of cooking oil (like canola or vegetable) to coat the bottom, then allow to preheat for about 3 minutes. Remove the turkey thighs from the bag and discard the marinade.Add flour and cook, stirring constantly, until golden brown, about 3 minutes. Whisking constantly, add fortified broth in a thin, steady stream. Bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer, and cook until thickened and reduced to about 3 cups. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Carve turkey and serve with gravy.Aug 14, 2023 · Nora Ismail/Shutterstock. The method works for two reasons: Loosening the skin gives the fat a way out from under the skin as it cooks and renders. The hot water causes the skin to tighten and contract, kickstarting the rendering process, which is the key to crispiness. You can use the trick on any kind of poultry, like chicken, turkey, or duck. Either remove crispy skin as soon as the turkey comes out of the oven, or roast softened skin again separately: Remove from turkey and trim off any excess fat. Arrange flat on a baking sheet. Bake ...When you’re ready to roast, cook the turkey at 425 degrees for the first 30 minutes. Rotate the pan and baste it, then decrease the heat to 350 degrees for the remainder of the cooking time ...Poultry skin needs to be relatively dry to brown and crisp properly. But it’s going to get super moist in the pressure cooker, so it’s going to be really hard to crisp it afterwards. If you fried it before the pressure cooker it’ll get some color and flavor, but will still end up wet and saggy at the end from the moisture.The Cooking Process. Pre-heat the oven temperature to 425F. If using the smoking the turkey, preheat and prepare as usual. You should tie the legs together (this is known as trussing) bird and place it on the back, breast meat side up. Place the seasoned bird in the cooking alliance of choice.Make your dry brine: Mix 1.5 percent of your turkey’s weight in salt with seasonings and baking powder. 24 to 48 hours before roasting, coat your turkey (defrosted or not) with the dry brine and ...Poultry skin needs to be relatively dry to brown and crisp properly. But it’s going to get super moist in the pressure cooker, so it’s going to be really hard to crisp it afterwards. If you fried it before the pressure cooker it’ll get some color and flavor, but will still end up wet and saggy at the end from the moisture.Make the turkey thighs. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Put a cast iron skillet on the stove over medium-high heat, add a bit of cooking oil (like canola or vegetable) to coat the bottom, then allow to preheat for about 3 minutes. Remove the turkey thighs from the bag and discard the marinade.Transfer them to a large bowl. Drizzle the turkey wings with olive oil and sprinkle them with onion powder, garlic powder, paprika, thyme, parsley, cayenne pepper (if using), Kosher salt, and pepper. Toss to combine. Cover the seasoned wings with stretch film and let them marinate for at least 30 minutes in the fridge.Jan 23, 2023 · The Cooking Process. Pre-heat the oven temperature to 425F. If using the smoking the turkey, preheat and prepare as usual. You should tie the legs together (this is known as trussing) bird and place it on the back, breast meat side up. Place the seasoned bird in the cooking alliance of choice. Oct 30, 2023 · The close of the year brings many joyous and indulgent celebrations, the fellowship of friends and family, and the wondrous cornucopia of holiday banquets resplendent with food and drink. For crisper skin, unwrap the turkey the day before roasting and leave it uncovered in the refrigerator overnight. Need help tackling the big bird? Continue reading Food Network's Top 10 Turkey Tips . Nov 10, 2020 · Pop the whole thing in 375-degree oven for 30-45 minutes. Once it’s a deep, sultry, golden brown, remove it from the oven and let it dry on a cooling rack where it will crisp up further. Serve ... Mix butter, black pepper, sage, thyme, and rosemary and rub inside and outside of the turkey. Roast for 30 minutes, then baste the turkey with liquid from roasting pan. Reduce temperature to 350 degrees. Cook turkey for 2 hours (or until it reaches 160 degrees), basting every 30 minutes.Place the turkey breast (still on the sheet pan/baking rack) into the oven for 30 minutes. Reduce the oven to 375°F. Pour the remaining olive oil mixture over the top and bake for an additional 45–75 minutes, or until a thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the turkey breast reads 160°F. Remove from the oven.Sdebrango cranks the oven up to 450° F for the last 30 minutes to help the turkey brown. To avoid a blackened top and pale crevices, francesca and pierino suggest trussing the wings close to the body and basting the bird frequently. Don't worry too much if your bird's skin gets a little over-cooked and you end up with crispy wing tips -- be ...Bake: Place turkey skins in a single layer fat-side down on a rimmed baking sheet. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Bake at 375°F until well browned and crispy (5-10 …Make your dry brine: Mix 1.5 percent of your turkey’s weight in salt with seasonings and baking powder. 24 to 48 hours before roasting, coat your turkey (defrosted or not) with the dry brine and ...Nov 14, 2022 · Preheat the electric roaster to its highest temperature. (Most roasters go up to 450°F.) In a small bowl, combine the olive oil and baking powder until well mixed. Brush it all over the turkey. Place the quartered oranges and fresh herbs, like thyme, rosemary, and sage into the cavity of the turkey. Preheat the oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit. Move the oven rack one level below the center. In a small bowl, mix together the butter, garlic, herbs and lemon zest and season the mixture with some salt and ground black pepper. Rinse and pat dry the turkey breast with paper towels inside and out.Turkey fat, to be specific. Flashback to when you're prepping your turkey. You give it a rinse, pull out the giblet bag, pat it down with towels, maybe pull out that useless pop-up doneness button ...BobbyG,[p]Separate the skin from the bird over the brest by running you hand under the skin, cover with melted butter, place in hot egg (400) for 30-60 min then drop the temp down to cooking level. You can the take cheese cloth saturated with butter and place over the breast to maintain moisture. and the crank the temp back up at the end w/out the cheee …
How to Get Crispy Turkey Skin. Achieving that golden, crispy skin on a turkey is a mark of culinary mastery, yet it often eludes many cooks. With traditional ovens, uneven cooking can lead to parts of the skin remaining soft or even getting burnt. A convection oven, with its even circulation of hot air, efficiently renders the turkey's skin …. Sauerkraut
Nov 4, 2020 · In a traditional Roaster Oven, turkeys takes 15 to 20 minutes to cook per pound, and an additional 30-45 minutes if the turkey is stuffed. With the High Speed Roaster Oven, cook time is 6 minutes per pound. Just make sure to turn off the center heating element halfway through to avoid overcooking the inside of the turkey. Oven-roasting a whole turkey can take up to five hours or more, depending on the size of the bird. Deep-frying, by contrast, is much more efficient. Cooking time for this method ranges from three to four minutes per pound, which means you can expertly deep-fry a 14-pound bird, complete with crispy, delicious skin, in 35 to 45 minutes (the exact ...Nov 17, 2023 · Tip No. 2: Make sure your turkey is completely thawed. Allow about three days to thaw that bird out in the refrigerator. It takes a lot longer than you think. You want to make sure the bird is ... Poultry skin needs to be relatively dry to brown and crisp properly. But it’s going to get super moist in the pressure cooker, so it’s going to be really hard to crisp it afterwards. If you fried it before the pressure cooker it’ll get some color and flavor, but will still end up wet and saggy at the end from the moisture.Nov 22, 2011 · Chattanooga, TN. Nov 24, 2011. #11. Here is what I did. 11 1/2 pound turkey. Monday night brined: 2 gallons water, 2 cups salt, 2 cups brown sugar, 1 cup rub (without salt or sugar) Wed. morning took out of brine and let sit in frig for 24hours rubbed with baking powder. Thur 7am took out of frig. Dry brine is just that, salt and other spices on the turkey for up to 24 hours. No liquid. The most important tip for dry brine is the salt. A basic turkey brine is a water, kosher salt, and sugar solution with your own flavor mix that you submerge the bird in for up to 30 hours.A wet brine adds amazing flavor and moisture. Over brining can cause the …Nov 1, 2015 · No serious food authority recommends baking stuffing inside the turkey anymore. And for the most part, that's a good thing. You don't need to worry about the dressing hitting a safe temperature ... Instructions. Season the thighs on both sides with salt and pepper and preheat the oven to 400F degrees. Add the turkey thighs, skin side down, to a cold cast iron skillet and heat it slowly to medium low heat. Cook them, undisturbed, for about 5-7 minutes. Remove from heat and flip the thigh so they are skin side up.pat dry and brush with oil before roasting at 375. flash under broiler. brown breast on the stovetop in a very hot cast iron skillet before placing in oven. results: #1 & #2 don't seem to work at all -- The skin cooks but it doesn't crisp. #3 only the peak of the breast gets seriously brown. parts further from the broiler are less and less ...If it is still warm, the skin will not brown properly. Once the turkey is cooled down, preheat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Place the turkey on a baking sheet and brush it with oil. Sprinkle it with salt, pepper, and herbs of your choice. Bake the turkey for about 15 minutes, or until it is golden brown.Melt the butter in a small pot over low-medium heat. Whisk in the flour until combined. Allow to cook for about a minute, while whisking occasionally. Pour in 1/2 cup of the Turkey liquid and whisk until it forms …For crisper skin, unwrap the turkey the day before roasting and leave it uncovered in the refrigerator overnight. Need help tackling the big bird? Continue reading Food Network's Top 10 Turkey Tips . Remove from the fridge and let sit at room temperature for 1 hour to take the chill off before roasting. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Remove giblets and neck from turkey. Pat turkey dry. Combine the salt, brown sugar, smoked paprika, black pepper, onion powder, garlic powder, and cayenne pepper in a small bowl..